The last few decades saw a burst in the production and dissemination of medical knowledge, with research outputs published daily in medical journals, books, the internet and social media platforms. The medical literature is expanding faster than our ability to capture and digest newly generated knowledge. The estimated doubling time was 7 years in 1980, 3.5 years in 2010, and within 73 days only by 2020! [1]. While positive, this rapid increase in scientific knowledge is challenging medical practitioners to stay up to date with newly released evidence, assess its quality, and apply it into their daily clinical practice [2]. The shift towards practising evidence-based medicine (EBM) in modern women’s healthcare is, therefore, dependent on the clinician’s proficiency in screening and appraising new knowledge [3]. In this chapter, we will cover the essential terminology and principles of practising sound EBM, the process of evidence synthesis and the ethical challenges of EBM in women’s healthcare.