Urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse are prevalent and often distressing conditions affecting women across their lifespan. Symptoms can present significant disruption to activities of daily living and severely impact a woman’s quality of life. Conservative management strategies are recommended as evidence-based, first-line treatments in the management of both urinary incontinence and symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse. Conservative management is considered any treatment or therapy that does not involve pharmacological or surgical intervention. These include education, lifestyle interventions, physical therapies and behavioural therapies. Conservative approaches, led by appropriately trained, specialist healthcare professionals, are relatively low cost, carry low risk of adverse effects and do not prejudice any subsequent interventions. Therapies are tailored to the individual and their symptoms, taking a whole-person, biopsychosocial approach. Conservative management approaches are principally led and sustained by the woman, supported by appropriate examination, instruction and supervision of an appropriately trained healthcare professional such as a specialist physiotherapist or nurse. This chapter introduces conservative management strategies for urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse, to inform and support the appropriate, early referral of women to receive efficacious, individualised therapies.