Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are important pillars in the treatment of gynecological cancers. They can be used both as curative treatment (primary therapy) and as adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy after or before surgery. In advanced metastatic cases (palliation), radio- and chemotherapy are used to curb tumor growth and to achieve stabilization of the disease and symptom control. In order to destroy cancer cells, radiotherapy uses high-energy rays, whereas chemotherapy uses anticancer (cytotoxic or cytostatic) drugs. Furthermore, the chemotherapy drugs can make cancer cells more sensitive to radiotherapy, and they are often used in combination.