The prioritization of women’s health has scientific and legal roots, evidencing its pivotal role in achieving the highest attainable health for a nation’s population as a whole. Indeed, women’s health strongly influences the well-being of families and future generations. Improving women’s health and rights is at the top of the list in several United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, to be met by 2030. Currently, despite recent advances in medicine, maternal mortality rates are still unacceptably high, as is poor access to sexuality and reproductive education and information, as well as to healthcare services, such as family planning, safe abortion and cervical and breast cancer prevention. Moreover, violence against girls and women and harmful practices, such as child marriage and female genital mutilation, are not only violations of human rights, but also bring about serious health problems for female victims and, in the case of pregnancy, for their babies. To make a difference, both global and country-level actions must be taken to integrate human rights into girls and women’s healthcare provision, which implies shifting away from a passive delivery of services to a culture of accountability for internationally recognized human rights.