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The concept of environmental literacy, though widely used for over 50 years, lacks a broadly accepted definition. Nonetheless, it has been argued that environmental literacy includes, among others, an understanding of environmental challenges and a range of approaches to environmental problems. Considering the fact that textbooks determine largely what is learned in classroom, we explored Greek secondary education biology textbooks from 1970s to present focusing on how environmental problems, their causes, and proposed solutions are presented. We reviewed 51 textbooks used in biology classes and investigated the ones that included relevant references. The analysis of five textbooks showed that (a) biodiversity loss is consistently mentioned across all textbooks, reflecting its longstanding importance for environmental literacy, (b) more recent issues like global warming, ozone depletion, and acid rain appear only in current textbooks, reflecting a shift in environmental priorities, (c) textbooks often present nature as balanced, contrasting with modern ecological concepts of resilience and dynamic equilibrium, and (d) even the most recent textbooks lack substantial discussion on currently debated and practiced pro-environmental actions, such as recycling and reducing plastic use.

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Environmental Issues, Causes and Solutions in Greek Secondary Education Biology Textbooks: How Do Textbooks Contribute to Students’ Environmental Literacy?

  • 章节

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Georgios Ampatzidis,
  • Konstantinos Korfiatis

摘要

The concept of environmental literacy, though widely used for over 50 years, lacks a broadly accepted definition. Nonetheless, it has been argued that environmental literacy includes, among others, an understanding of environmental challenges and a range of approaches to environmental problems. Considering the fact that textbooks determine largely what is learned in classroom, we explored Greek secondary education biology textbooks from 1970s to present focusing on how environmental problems, their causes, and proposed solutions are presented. We reviewed 51 textbooks used in biology classes and investigated the ones that included relevant references. The analysis of five textbooks showed that (a) biodiversity loss is consistently mentioned across all textbooks, reflecting its longstanding importance for environmental literacy, (b) more recent issues like global warming, ozone depletion, and acid rain appear only in current textbooks, reflecting a shift in environmental priorities, (c) textbooks often present nature as balanced, contrasting with modern ecological concepts of resilience and dynamic equilibrium, and (d) even the most recent textbooks lack substantial discussion on currently debated and practiced pro-environmental actions, such as recycling and reducing plastic use.