Invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures such as endoscopy, video thoracoscopy, percutaneous valvular or vascular procedures, and electroconvulsive therapy are increasingly performed in patients with impaired respiratory function and/or respiratory failure. Sedation, administered to improve patient’s comfort and to increase the procedure success rate, can reduce the respiratory drive, leading to the onset of type I or II respiratory failure. Administration of noninvasive ventilatory support (e.g., high flow oxygen therapy or noninvasive ventilation) in the periprocedural period can improve patient’s ventilation and reduce the complication rate. Efficacy of such ventilatory support has been reported in the ear, nose, and throat (ENT), upper respiratory tract surgery and dental procedures, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), neurosurgical (awake craniotomy), during endoscopic procedures, and in less invasive thoracic surgery procedures (e.g., pleuroscopy). The technique of respiratory support should be based on an individualized assessment of the patient’s condition, comorbidities, type and degree of respiratory failure. An individualized approach to the choice of the patient’s interface is advised. Access to various methods of respiratory support should be ensured in centers performing invasive procedures. Medical professionals should receive proper training regarding the choice and implementation of noninvasive ventilatory support.