In severely hypoxemic patients, conventional or interventional flexible bronchoscopy can often be required for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. However, comorbidities increase the risk of bronchoscopy-related complications. Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) during bronchoscopy can reduce the risk of these complications in refractory hypoxemia, postoperative respiratory distress, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sleep-related respiratory disorders, expiratory central airway collapse, and pediatric patients; thus, NIV may be an alternative to endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. The hypoxemia level to use NIV during bronchoscopy is partial arterial oxygen pressure/fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) <100–300 mmHg or arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) ≤92% despite a FiO2 of 1.0 on spontaneous breathing, provided that SaO2 can be improved by NIV before bronchoscopy. The disposable cap from a swivel adaptor seals the cylinder and prevents air leaks. NIV should be maintained for ≥30 min after a NIV-assisted bronchoscopy and is discontinued if SaO2 remains >92%. NIV-assisted bronchoscopy should be supervised in person by an expert, ideally in pulmonology and intensive care. The medical team should be fully knowledgeable about the potential pathophysiological changes due to bronchoscopy in a patient on NIV. As the studies on NIV-assisted bronchoscopy have been underpowered to show major outcomes till today, high-quality studies are required to clarify the impact of NIV on intubation rate or mortality.