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Noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) is a well-established treatment modality for chronic respiratory failure (RF) arising from various causes, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), neuromuscular diseases (NMDs), obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), and chest wall disorders. In cases of acute heart failure (AHF) syndromes, notable RF is predominantly observed in patients experiencing acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema (ACPE) or cardiogenic shock (CS). NIV has demonstrated its utility in managing moderate to severe RF in various clinical contexts. The primary goal of NIV is to optimize the equilibrium between respiratory muscle workload and capacity, while also enhancing alveolar ventilation. Notably, NIV has proven effective in significantly reducing partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) levels in patients with chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure (Wollsching-Strobel et al., J Clin Med 11:5483, 2022; Masip et al., Eur Heart J 39:17–25, 2018).

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Risk Factors and Comorbidities. Chronic Pulmonary, Cardiac, and Neurologic Diseases

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Przemysław Puz,
  • Aleksandra Derra

摘要

Noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) is a well-established treatment modality for chronic respiratory failure (RF) arising from various causes, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), neuromuscular diseases (NMDs), obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), and chest wall disorders. In cases of acute heart failure (AHF) syndromes, notable RF is predominantly observed in patients experiencing acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema (ACPE) or cardiogenic shock (CS). NIV has demonstrated its utility in managing moderate to severe RF in various clinical contexts. The primary goal of NIV is to optimize the equilibrium between respiratory muscle workload and capacity, while also enhancing alveolar ventilation. Notably, NIV has proven effective in significantly reducing partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) levels in patients with chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure (Wollsching-Strobel et al., J Clin Med 11:5483, 2022; Masip et al., Eur Heart J 39:17–25, 2018).