Supraglottic airways (SGAs) are ubiquitous in modern airway management. They are employed in multiple clinical scenarios from elective procedures to emergency and rescue airway management. Patient comorbidities and/or procedural sedation/anesthesia may lead to a loss of airway patency above the glottis. SGAs represent a heterogenous group of airways which provide a means of oxygenation, ventilation, and delivery of volatile anesthetic, without requiring endotracheal intubation. SGA classification occurs via generation, sealing mechanism, features, or a combination thereof. SGAs provide a primary airway option for procedures which require general anesthesia, but the risk/benefit profile does not favor endotracheal intubation. Placement and maintenance of an SGA may require less anesthetic and less need for neuromuscular blocking agents, theoretically resulting in expedited recovery and discharge. The largest contraindication to SGA use is risk of aspiration. The choice of SGA largely depends on provider preference, the procedure, patient factors, and availability at the practicing institution.

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Supraglottic Airways

  • Daniel Raboin,
  • Shaun L. Thompson

摘要

Supraglottic airways (SGAs) are ubiquitous in modern airway management. They are employed in multiple clinical scenarios from elective procedures to emergency and rescue airway management. Patient comorbidities and/or procedural sedation/anesthesia may lead to a loss of airway patency above the glottis. SGAs represent a heterogenous group of airways which provide a means of oxygenation, ventilation, and delivery of volatile anesthetic, without requiring endotracheal intubation. SGA classification occurs via generation, sealing mechanism, features, or a combination thereof. SGAs provide a primary airway option for procedures which require general anesthesia, but the risk/benefit profile does not favor endotracheal intubation. Placement and maintenance of an SGA may require less anesthetic and less need for neuromuscular blocking agents, theoretically resulting in expedited recovery and discharge. The largest contraindication to SGA use is risk of aspiration. The choice of SGA largely depends on provider preference, the procedure, patient factors, and availability at the practicing institution.