One of the most significant developments in pulmonary and critical care medicine during the past 40 years is noninvasive ventilation (NIV). Numerous randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have conclusively demonstrated the effectiveness of NIV in patients with acute respiratory failure who have been carefully chosen. For patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema and acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, there is strong evidence to support the use of NIV as a first-line treatment. Additionally, NIV has been shown to be helpful in immunocompromised individuals, in patients with respiratory failure after solid-organ transplantation, and in weaning patients (Nava and Hill, Lancet 374(9685):250–259, 2009). Despite the literature’s strong support for NIV’s benefits, there were initially a number of obstacles to this novel tool’s application in clinical practice. The growing number of research articles on the subject that are published year after year has demonstrated the interest of physicians in this novel tool, despite its attractiveness, which has a significant learning curve and crucial requirements that must be met for successful implementation.