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Escalating volumes of inadequately managed solid, hazardous and electronic wastes are accelerating soil, water and atmospheric degradation while eroding biodiversity worldwide. This chapter charts global waste governance’s evolving legal and policy landscape, exposing fragmented mandates, limited producer accountability and enforcement gaps that leave up to 70% of waste untreated in low- and middle-income regions. A bibliometric analysis from 2015–2024 reveals a rising scholarly focus on these issues, reflecting intensified global attention to ecological and policy challenges. Success stories—such as the European Union’s extended producer responsibility regime, Rwanda’s single-use-plastics prohibition, and China’s import restrictions—demonstrate that coherent regulation can raise recycling rates by 35–90% and redirect material flows towards circularity. The socio-economic review highlights the disproportionate burdens of informal waste pickers and frontline communities, underscoring justice dimensions. The discussion culminates in actionable reforms: harmonized hazardous waste definitions, digital tracking of transboundary shipments, fiscal incentives for circular design and formal recognition of informal sectors. These measures could curb methane emissions, close material loops and advance multiple Sustainable Development Goals.

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Unearthing the Environmental Toll: Examining the Ecological Impact of Inadequate Waste Management Practices

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Saurav Narayan,
  • Priyanka Jha,
  • Rakesh Choudhary,
  • Jay Prakash Tiwari,
  • Moharana Choudhury,
  • Himanshu,
  • Pallav Suman,
  • Chandra Kant Raj,
  • Tanay Sandeep Birje,
  • Vandana Gupta,
  • Ujjwal Kumar Verma

摘要

Escalating volumes of inadequately managed solid, hazardous and electronic wastes are accelerating soil, water and atmospheric degradation while eroding biodiversity worldwide. This chapter charts global waste governance’s evolving legal and policy landscape, exposing fragmented mandates, limited producer accountability and enforcement gaps that leave up to 70% of waste untreated in low- and middle-income regions. A bibliometric analysis from 2015–2024 reveals a rising scholarly focus on these issues, reflecting intensified global attention to ecological and policy challenges. Success stories—such as the European Union’s extended producer responsibility regime, Rwanda’s single-use-plastics prohibition, and China’s import restrictions—demonstrate that coherent regulation can raise recycling rates by 35–90% and redirect material flows towards circularity. The socio-economic review highlights the disproportionate burdens of informal waste pickers and frontline communities, underscoring justice dimensions. The discussion culminates in actionable reforms: harmonized hazardous waste definitions, digital tracking of transboundary shipments, fiscal incentives for circular design and formal recognition of informal sectors. These measures could curb methane emissions, close material loops and advance multiple Sustainable Development Goals.