This chapter emphasizes that democracy thrives when citizens actively enact its principles, necessitating lifelong civic learning. It contrasts civic education (formal programs) with civic learning (skills acquired through life experiences). The chapter explores Westheimer and Kahne’s “good citizen” typology—personally responsible, participatory, and justice-oriented—noting its omission of skills for navigating a civic life in a diverse world. It also examines two traditions of adult civic learning: critical-emancipatory (analyzing governance) and participatory-pragmatic (emphasizing practical skills and local engagement). The chapter presents prominent scholars in these traditions, like Hufer, Negt, Biesta, and Levine, whose work highlights the need for citizens to judge for themselves, commit to solidarity, and think critically while being open to diverse perspectives. Civic learning, therefore, must support empowerment and emancipation, and it is this ethical foundation that guides the application of knowledge and skills in civic life.