The Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) block is a regional anaesthesia technique that provides somatic analgesia for abdominal surgeries by targeting the thoracoabdominal nerves (T7-L1) within the transversus abdominis plane. Initially described as a landmark-guided technique, it has evolved with ultrasound guidance into four primary approaches: lateral, posterior, anterior, and oblique subcostal. The choice of approach depends on the surgical site and desired dermatomal coverage. TAP blocks are commonly used for analgesia in gynaecological, urological, and general surgeries, including caesarean sections, inguinal hernia repair, and laparoscopic procedures. The block provides opioid-sparing postoperative pain relief with a favourable safety profile. However, it does not reliably block visceral pain, making it best suited for multimodal analgesia strategies. Ultrasound guidance enhances accuracy and safety, minimising risks such as vascular puncture, bowel injury, and local anaesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST). Continuous catheter techniques extend analgesia for major abdominal surgeries. While TAP blocks have been compared to epidural analgesia, their efficacy varies depending on injection site, volume, and technique. The use of adjuvants such as dexamethasone and liposomal bupivacaine may prolong block duration, improving patient outcomes in perioperative pain management.