This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of oral cancer, including its types, stages, diagnosis, and treatment modalities. It emphasizes the importance of early detection, which significantly improves prognosis, and details the TNM staging system used to classify the extent of the disease. The chapter explores the histological types of oral cancer, with squamous cell carcinoma being the most prevalent, alongside rarer types like basal cell carcinoma, verrucous carcinoma, oral melanoma, lymphoma, and salivary gland tumors. Diagnostic methods such as biopsies and imaging techniques are discussed, highlighting their role in identifying and staging the disease. Treatment approaches, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, are outlined, with a focus on tailoring strategies to the cancer stage and patient needs. The chapter underscores the multidisciplinary nature of oral cancer management and the advancements in treatment that improve patient outcomes.