From the dense rainforests of the Congo Basin to the vast savannahs of the Serengeti, Africa boasts a rich diversity of species and ecosystems. This continent is home to remarkable wildlife, including elephants, lions, and numerous bird species. In addition, Africa’s unique ecosystems, such as wetlands, grasslands, and mountain ranges, support various life forms that contribute to the planet’s biodiversity. However, Africa faces significant environmental problems that threaten not only its ecosystems but also the well-being of its people. This chapter focuses on environmental problems Africa is facing that need to be resolved quickly and collectively. The chapter starts by discussing the concept of the environment, and environmental challenges including deforestation, land degradation, urbanisation, water scarcity, and other factors that pose the biggest threats to Africa’s natural systems and human well-being.