The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a central regulator of cellular metabolism, growth, proliferation, and survival and plays a critical role in maintaining corneal health and function. In the corneal epithelium, mTOR signaling influences cell proliferation, wound healing, and barrier integrity. Within the stroma, it regulates keratocyte activation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and responses to injury or fibrosis. In the endothelium, mTOR supports cell survival and maintains pump function critical for corneal transparency. Dysregulation of mTOR signaling has been implicated in various corneal pathologies, including degenerations, infections, fibrosis, and dystrophies. Therapeutically, modulation of the mTOR pathway offers potential strategies for enhancing corneal regeneration, controlling scarring, and mitigating degenerative changes. Understanding the nuanced role of mTOR in the corneal layers provides valuable insights for the development of targeted interventions in corneal disease management.