High levels of abstention in elections are often caused by the distance to polling stations. This is particularly prominent for voters who are traveling or have recently relocated. A promising solution to this problem is “anywhere voting”, which allows citizens to cast their votes at any polling station. However, existing implementations typically rely on Internet-connected authentication to avoid double voting. Albeit simple, this approach is often seen as impractical in many scenarios, especially in remote regions where Internet access is unreliable or when the risk of denial-of-service attacks is high. In this article, we study how anywhere voting could be adapted to such constrained environments. Using Brazil as a case study—given its vast territory, regional disparities, and infrastructural challenges—we evaluate four potential solutions. Our analysis suggests that the most viable approach involves preventing double voting through secure hardware, while eliminating residual duplicates via mixnets and threshold cryptography.

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How to Implement Anywhere Voting: A Case Study of Brazil

  • Leonardo Kimura,
  • Roberto Araújo,
  • Marcos Simplicio

摘要

High levels of abstention in elections are often caused by the distance to polling stations. This is particularly prominent for voters who are traveling or have recently relocated. A promising solution to this problem is “anywhere voting”, which allows citizens to cast their votes at any polling station. However, existing implementations typically rely on Internet-connected authentication to avoid double voting. Albeit simple, this approach is often seen as impractical in many scenarios, especially in remote regions where Internet access is unreliable or when the risk of denial-of-service attacks is high. In this article, we study how anywhere voting could be adapted to such constrained environments. Using Brazil as a case study—given its vast territory, regional disparities, and infrastructural challenges—we evaluate four potential solutions. Our analysis suggests that the most viable approach involves preventing double voting through secure hardware, while eliminating residual duplicates via mixnets and threshold cryptography.