The demand for sustainable, high-performance reinforcement solutions is reshaping modern structural engineering, especially in seismic retrofitting. This study investigates an eco-compatible Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) system that incorporates a hemp fiber mesh within a premixed natural lime mortar, offering a bio-based alternative for strengthening masonry and reinforced concrete structures. An experimental campaign was conducted to assess the geometrical, physical, and mechanical properties of this hemp-based FRCM. Initial characterization of the hemp mesh focused on water absorption, density, equivalent thickness, and cross-sectional area. Mechanical testing of the lime mortar, via three-point bending and compression tests, confirmed its effective flexural and compressive strengths, aligning with reinforcement requirements. The use of lime contributes to sustainability and heritage conservation, given its breathability, compatibility with historic masonry, and reduced environmental impact. The mechanical behaviour of the complete FRCM system was evaluated through uniaxial tensile tests on both the mesh and the composite specimens. These tests, aligned with Italian qualification standards, were crucial in determining tensile strength, elastic modulus, strain capacity, and the stress transfer efficiency between the matrix and reinforcement. Results offer promising insights into crack propagation resistance and load-bearing performance, necessary to evaluate the feasibility of this hemp-lime FRCM as a sustainable retrofit solution.