This paper presents an AI-driven conversational agent to support self-directed learning through a personalised pedagogical framework. Leveraging the Visual, Aural, Read/Write, and Kinesthetic (VARK) model, the system adapts educational content to learners’ individual preferences. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances response accuracy and minimises hallucinations commonly associated with Large Language Models (LLMs). A user study compared the chatbot's performance to a traditional search engine in engagement, usability, and learning outcomes. The search engine was selected as a baseline to contrast conventional keyword-driven information retrieval with adaptive, dialogue-based guidance. Results indicate that personalised, AI-supported interactions foster greater engagement and knowledge retention. The study highlights the potential and limitations of VARK-driven AI tools in personalised learning.

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Personalised AI-Driven Conversational Agents for Adaptive Self-learning

  • Stefano Valtolina,
  • Ricardo Anibal Matamoros,
  • Francesco Epifania,
  • Alessia Orlandi

摘要

This paper presents an AI-driven conversational agent to support self-directed learning through a personalised pedagogical framework. Leveraging the Visual, Aural, Read/Write, and Kinesthetic (VARK) model, the system adapts educational content to learners’ individual preferences. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances response accuracy and minimises hallucinations commonly associated with Large Language Models (LLMs). A user study compared the chatbot's performance to a traditional search engine in engagement, usability, and learning outcomes. The search engine was selected as a baseline to contrast conventional keyword-driven information retrieval with adaptive, dialogue-based guidance. Results indicate that personalised, AI-supported interactions foster greater engagement and knowledge retention. The study highlights the potential and limitations of VARK-driven AI tools in personalised learning.