This chapter examines various frameworks of environmental ethics, providing a historical overview of the early reflections that emerged particularly from the 1960s onwards, up to the contemporary proposals of ecological ethics and environmental bioethics. Initially, broad categories are identified based on the anthropocentric or biocentric nature of the different approaches, followed by an analysis of the most common ethical theories such as utilitarianism, natural law theory, contractualism, virtue ethics, ethics of sympathy, and capability ethics. Among the topics addressed, the relationship with non-human alterities stands out. The chapter concludes by discussing the necessity of an ecological ethics—one grounded in the recognition of the value of relationships and diversity—where the needs of alterities are acknowledged through an empathetic approach.