The environment fortification has become a major economic and political issue. To safeguarg the water resources has become a global issue. Textiles constitute an important part of human beings everyday life. The textile industry uses large amounts of dyes like reactive, azo, anthraquinone, triphenylmethane, etc. to colour textiles. Water bodies become contaminated when dyes that are not used up during the colouring process wind up there as waste. This makes the industries the major contributors to water pollution in the world. As a result, these effluents need to be treated before being released. However, because organic dyes are resistant to traditional methods, decolorising them is challenging. Numerous therapeutic modalities, including enhanced oxidation processes and physical and biological approaches have been created and evaluated. The intended goals are not met when a single process is used. Therefore, depending on the kind and quantity of pollution loads, a combination of multiple approaches—including physical, chemical, and biological approaches—can be an intriguing substitute. The microbial isolates that have been effectively employed to break down and decolorise textile dyes are covered in this chapter along with their method of dye removal and the variables that influence it. Additionally, it examines the most recent wastewater treatment systems that use bacterial microbes to treat wastewater that contains dyes. It has been demonstrated that microbial agents isolated from a variety of sources, such as soil contaminated with dyes and wastewater from textile industries may efficiently decolorise and break down these dye pollutants, improving the quality of the water.