The textile industry is a significant global sector which contributes enormously to the economic development of countries. But it also contributes significantly to environmental contamination by releasing untreated wastewater into bodies of water. This effluent contains many harmful pollutants like heavy metals and dyes which poses harmful risks like health issues, water pollution and adverse effects on aquatic life. Numerous physical, chemical, and biological techniques are used to treat textile industry wastewater; however, these techniques have drawbacks, including high costs, low efficiency, and the production of additional waste that requires additional treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to remove heavy metals from textile effluent using low-cost, high-efficiency green technology approaches. Bioremediation is an environment friendly technique in which microorganisms are used to mitigate pollutants. In this book chapter we focused on bioremediation of heavy metals its types and mechanisms. Microbes with a variety of environmental characteristics, such as the capacity to remove certain metals from wastewater through bioaccumulation and biosorption. This approach’s benefits include environmentally friendly technology and ecological acceptability because it doesn't disrupt the economy or nature.