The textile industry is a significant source of environmental pollution due to its heavy reliance on hazardous chemicals throughout production processes. Wastewater generated from these operations often contains toxic dyes, heavy metals, and other pollutants, posing severe risks to aquatic ecosystems and human health. This study examines the presence and impact of hazardous chemicals in textile industry waste, emphasizing the importance of risk assessment and effective treatment strategies. The persistence of untreated effluents in water bodies highlights the urgent need for integrated waste management solutions. Biological treatment methods such as bioremediation and anaerobic digestion have emerged as sustainable, cost-effective approaches for degrading organic contaminants. Additionally, engineering controls can be implemented to reduce exposure and mitigate risks at the source. A systematic, multifaceted approach combining biological, physical, and chemical techniques is essential for comprehensive risk management, ensuring environmental protection and public safety.