Statistics indicate that over 80% of individuals aged 16 to 44 engage in video games across various genres. Video games are closely linked to players’ cognitive abilities and decision-making skills, which, in turn, are associated with their fundamental personality traits. This study aimed to examine the relationship between players’ psychological profiles and their cognitive characteristics during video game sessions. The experiment involved 10 participants (3 women and 7 men) aged 18 to 39. The psychological profile was assessed using the Five-Factor Personality Inventory (FFPI). Participants completed a custom-designed gaming experience questionnaire and the FFPI before engaging in a 15-min gaming session in Doom (ID Software, 2016) while wearing Pupil Labs eye-tracking glasses. Based on duration, fixations were categorized into four types: very short, express, cognitive, and long. The results revealed that personality traits and oculomotor behavior are interrelated. This, a significant positive correlation was found between the “Extraversion” score and the count of cognitive (p < 0.05) fixations and minimal duration of fixations (p < 0.05), suggesting a tendency toward quick decision-making and a dynamic playing style. It is also supported by negative correlation with the count of long (p < 0.01) fixations. The “Agreeableness” score showed a significant negative correlation with the maximum fixation duration (p < 0.01), indicating a preference for rapid scanning of information to facilitate prompt decision-making and flexible adaptation to changing conditions. These findings align with our previous research on the correlation between personality traits, heart rate variability, and in-game avatar states. This study provides useful insights for the development of personalized gaming experiences and training programs for professional eSports athletes.