Sustainable entrepreneurship is increasingly recognized as a key driver of economic, social, and environmental progress. This chapter explores the cognitive and emotional mechanisms that influence sustainable entrepreneurial decision-making. Here, we highlight how cognitive neuroscience might provide insights into these processes. By examining the interplay between cognition and emotion, we represent how sustainable entrepreneurs recognize opportunities, assess risks, and make strategic choices that balance profitability with long-term sustainability. The chapter integrates findings from cognitive neuroscience and reviews some of the most important neuroscientific methodologies. Beyond theoretical insights, this chapter highlights practical applications for sustainable entrepreneurship. By identifying neural markers and cognitive biases that influence sustainability-oriented entrepreneurship, neuroscience can inform training programs, enhance ethical leadership, and support long-term business resilience. Finally, we suggest future research directions to better understand the brain processes underlying sustainable entrepreneurship and how they can contribute to creating more responsible and innovative businesses.