The first conflict analysed in this book, the Kosovo War, was the final act of the 1990s civil wars that played out in a disintegrating Yugoslavia. The international community, particularly NATO, played a significant role in the conflict. Czechia, Hungary, and Poland, as new NATO states, were involved in operations against Serbia. However, this does not mean that all Central European countries have an unequivocally positive view of the NATO operation. In Czechia, there was an open clash between the enthusiastically pro-NATO President Václav HavelHavel, Václav and the pan-Slavic-minded Prime Minister Miloš ZemanZeman, Miloš, accompanied by poor mutual communication caused by ambivalence in foreign policy attitudes. In contrast to Czechia, there was no conflict in Poland—both the government of Jerzy BuzekBuzek, Jerzy and the president, Aleksander KwaśniewskiKwaśniewski, Aleksander, supported NATO intervention. In Hungary, Viktor Orbán’sOrbán, Viktor government supported NATO intervention. President Árpád GönczGöncz, Árpád toed the government line, but with less vigour. In Slovakia, the office of the president was vacant. The government of Mikuláš DzurindaDzurinda, Mikuláš, seeking to overcome the burden of isolation from the Vladimír MečiarMečiar, Vladimír era, pushed through a clearly pro-Western official position supporting NATO intervention.