Driven by recent legislative actions and the prohibition of various traditional plastic types, the bioplastics sector is projected to experience significant growth in the coming years. Bioplastics have increasingly become embedded in products used in daily life, making it imperative to closely assess their sustainability credentials. This chapter offers a comprehensive analysis of bioplastics, starting with the common confusion between “biodegradable” and “bioplastic,” and extending through key considerations in their production, applications, and environmental impact. In-depth discussions cover the existing standards, regulatory frameworks, testing protocols, labeling systems, and market viability, with particular emphasis on the technological dimensions of bioplastics. Emerging advancements in utilizing waste materials as feedstock for bioplastic production are also explored. Additionally, the chapter evaluates how bioplastics may influence conventional plastic recycling systems, either facilitating or complicating the process. Anchored in the principles of a circular economy, the chapter presents a thorough examination of the latest innovations while addressing sustainability challenges. It aims to provide readers with a detailed and critical understanding of bioplastics as a viable pathway toward a more sustainable and environmentally responsible future.