Sustainability is the buzzword across numerous industries, and the polymer value chain is no exception. The ubiquitous nature of polymers has led to a widespread demand for sustainable polymers in numerous industrial applications. However, lack of well laid out guidelines, product development pathways and certifications have resulted in a lot of commotions and confusions within the polymer value chain. Herein, a meticulous review is conducted on the topic of polymer sustainability shedding light on the standards, product declarations, bio-based-biomass concepts, product carbon footprint etc. In this chapter, the first section delves into such key terminologies and concepts related to polymer sustainability. In parallel, the conundrums and misconceptions revolving around polymers are universal too. In the second part of the chapter, we attempted to meticulously undertake some of the polymer-based sustainability conundrums and challenges driven by technical knowledge and supported by facts. A basic understanding of all sustainability-related jargon was sequentially examined at the beginning to provide the necessary fundamental awareness. Four major topics of relevance were selected and reviewed without any bias. Thereafter, the emergence of biobased polymer products was critically analyzed against its distinct biodegradability conundrums. It was followed by an outlook and comparison of plastic products versus its alternatives. Green washing in the fashion industry was also reviewed in depth. Among the challenges, microplastics issue was assessed owing to its emerging importance at present. It is critical that readers can understand the actual scenario and call out product propagandas with superficial claims. A meticulous overview of the existing literature and information was reviewed to summarize all the conundrums, challenges, and future aspect of each. The examination of pertinent topics was thus carried out in the hope of spreading knowledge, enabling a higher critique within polymer research community, and a sustainable environment entirely.