Intraoperative techniques for imaging and instrumenting the biliary tree are an essential part of hepatobiliary tract surgery. These techniques include intraoperative cholangiogram (IOC), choledochoscopy, and fluorescent cholangiography (FC). They offer multiple diagnostic and treatment options. IOC provides anatomic information by opacifying the biliary tree. It can also serve to diagnose operative or disease complications, such as biliary leaks or choledocholithiasis. IOC also grants biliary luminal access for further instrumentation. Choledochoscopy is an important modality for diagnosis and management of biliary diseases. Biliary strictures, choledocholithiasis, and biliary neoplasms can be diagnosed and often managed via choledochoscopy. FC is primarily used to delineate the course of the bile ducts and provides intraoperative guidance. Its benefits include marked ease of use, high safety profile, and increasing applicability. It is important to have thorough knowledge of when and how to use these techniques. Proper understanding of the pearls and nuances in their use leads to their successful application. This chapter reviews the background, decision-making, and technical details of the above procedures.