Self-care behaviours are crucial for the preservation and longevity of the arteriovenous fistula in haemodialysis patients. This chapter addresses arteriovenous fistula self-care in three phases: pre-construction, maturation, and during dialysis. Patient education and empowerment are key to promoting effective self-care. The chapter also looks at existing assessment tools that evaluate self-care behaviours and support customized care planning. Encouraging active patient involvement helps to improve outcomes, reduce complications, and enhance the quality of life of individuals undergoing haemodialysis with an arteriovenous fistula.