Physical examination of the arteriovenous fistula is essential for assessing patency, function, and early detection of complications in hemodialysis patients. This chapter reviews the main components of the physical examination of the arteriovenous fistula, including inspection, palpation, and auscultation. Inspection assesses location, skin integrity, vein collapse, and signs of infection or aneurysm. Palpation assesses the quality of the rasp, pulsatility, and compressibility of the venous segment. Auscultation identifies the character and continuity of the murmur. Together, these steps provide valuable, noninvasive information that guides clinical decision-making and timely intervention. Mastery of the physical examination of the arteriovenous fistula supports optimal management of vascular access and contributes significantly to patient safety and dialysis effectiveness.