The Sundarbans Exodus: Climate Migration and Policy Gaps in Bangladesh and India
摘要
This study investigates climate-induced migration in the susceptible areas of Khulna, Satkhira (Bangladesh), and the Indian Sundarbans, emphasizing environmental factors such as cyclones, riverbank erosion, salinity intrusion, and the loss of agricultural land. The study uses secondary data analysis, encompassing case studies, and policy papers, to elucidate the socioeconomic ramifications of displacement, such as the collapse of livelihoods, modern slavery, and systemic exploitation. It assesses national plans such as Bangladesh's National Strategy on Internal Displacement Management (2021) and India's National Disaster Management Plan (2019), highlighting significant deficiencies in managing slow-onset disasters, safeguarding migrants, and providing sustainable solutions. Although both frameworks prioritize disaster response, they lack proactive strategies for climate adaptation, gender-sensitive rehabilitation, and the legal recognition of climate migrants. The research suggests comprehensive solutions, including ecosystem-based resilience, transparent resettlement, and regional collaboration, to alleviate risks and synchronize policy with the circumstances of impacted solutions.