Blockchain technology’s decentralization, security, and transparency make it a game-changer in many industries, especially healthcare. This study discusses the solution’s potential impact on key issues, including integrity, privacy, and interoperability, while providing a comprehensive review of blockchain technology applied to patient data management systems. Although blockchain technology offers many benefits, its implementation in the healthcare industry faces several challenges, including scalability, computational complexity, and regulatory compliance. Therefore, leveraging deep learning and other advanced technologies can maximize the potential of blockchain technology, enhance data processing and decision-making capabilities, and maintain essential security and privacy standards. In this review, we examine the state of blockchain applications in the healthcare industry of current and hurdles issues and suggest several future paths for further study and development. These hurdles must be overcome to fully leverage blockchain technology to enable scalable, secure, and efficient patient data systems. Our study concluded that the most prominent and best results are the public blockchain Ethereum, some permission, and the private Hyperledger fabric. Furthermore, the advancement of smart contracts and the adoption of increasingly secured technologies such as elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) have enhanced the security and functionality of blockchain systems.