This chapter explores the intersection of green finance and sustainable development in Africa within the global context, particularly in light of challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic and ongoing geopolitical tensions. It emphasizes the need for African countries to leverage their natural resources and biodiversity to advance green development while addressing issues such as food insecurity, public debt and youth unemployment. This chapter further argues for a redefined role of the African state, advocating for resilient political leadership that can navigate the complexities of a globalized economy. It highlights the importance of integrating digitalization and artificial intelligence into trade and green finance initiatives to foster sustainable growth. The chapter also underscores the necessity of domestic resource mobilization and effective supply chain management in achieving a green transition.