Volume 1 considered the formalization of the tripartite system of police governance provided for in the 1964 Police Act. Volume 2 will consider challenges and reforms to this system of police governance that arose after 1979. In particular it will assess the reforms initiated during the 1980s and beyond that were based upon the principles of New Public Management which paved the way for the 1994 Police and Magistrates’ Courts Act which substantially increased the power of the Home Secretary over policing in England. Many of these reforms were pursued by Labour governments between 1997 and 2010 whereby, for most of that period, police performance was dominated by targets imposed by central government departments. Problems associated with this degree of central direction will be assessed in this volume, including public loss of confidence in policing arising from their perceived failings to address local concerns. These deficiencies underpinned reforms to police governance initiated by the 2010–2015 Coalition government in which directly elected Police and Crime Commissioners replaced police authorities. This volume will also address reforms designed to regulate the curb the use of discretion, especially by junior officers, and will conclude with evaluations of contemporary issues related to police governance.