We provide a short account of basic characteristic features and their resulting problems and challenges for various types of systems, focusing on systems modeling, decision making and control. We start from the traditional systems, of a limited, though non-trivial size, then, we move to the much more relevant and adequate for practice large scale systems (and the related complex systems). Finally, we provide a concise account of the very essence of the systems of systems, and their related specifics, problems and challenges. This should provide a very comprehensible point of departure for the consecutive contributions in this volume in which the use of the broadly perceived systems of systems paradigm is employed to solve relevant theoretical and practical problems.

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Some Remarks on a Way from Systems Through Large Scale Systems and Complex Systems to Systems of Systems

  • Janusz Kacprzyk,
  • Levente Kovács,
  • Imre Rudas

摘要

We provide a short account of basic characteristic features and their resulting problems and challenges for various types of systems, focusing on systems modeling, decision making and control. We start from the traditional systems, of a limited, though non-trivial size, then, we move to the much more relevant and adequate for practice large scale systems (and the related complex systems). Finally, we provide a concise account of the very essence of the systems of systems, and their related specifics, problems and challenges. This should provide a very comprehensible point of departure for the consecutive contributions in this volume in which the use of the broadly perceived systems of systems paradigm is employed to solve relevant theoretical and practical problems.