The French colonial period in Vietnam left behind a significant architectural heritage, particularly in major cities such as Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. These structures are not only aesthetically valuable but also hold deep historical significance, contributing to the formation of the current urban identity. However, the number of French colonial architecture (FCA) has been declining significantly. One of the main reasons for this deterioration is the lack of structural health monitoring methods in management, leading to degradation, damage, and even safety risks. This study focuses on French colonial architecture in Hanoi, analyzing factors affecting structural health and proposing appropriate monitoring methods to preserve and maintain the value of this architectural heritage.