As humankind evolved, water, food, and shelter became the primary necessities for survival however, traditional knowledge ensured the ease for survival. Over time, humans invented several survival skills and with wisdom, developed strategies to survive and advance their socio-economic conditions. Such practices have been well preserved in the mountainous regions of India. The chapter examines these traditional systems in the Kangra Valley, located in Himachal Pradesh, Western Himalayas. The valley is one of the largest in the state with its population, has a unique culture and known for its traditional indigenous heritages. The study employed a systematic search to collect the literature on traditional water heritages along with agro-economy. The study found that the valley has several traditional water conservation heritages, such as Kuhls, Boweris, Khatri’s, and dug-wells. These structures have supported the valley dwellers for generations and enhanced their socio-economic conditions. This chapter highlights how these water conservation structures played a pivotal role for survival and were an important source of livelihood, are now facing serious environmental challenges.