Production planningProduction planning is very important for the success of any manufacturing organization. To gain a competitive advantage in micro and small enterprises (MSMEs), it is important to utilize a robust production planningProduction planning and resource optimization tool. This chapter studies production planning, such as scheduling, inventory controlInventory control, and optimization, through adopting material requirements planning (MRP)Material Requirements Planning (MRP). The aim of the study is to study the efficiency and effectiveness of MRP. The study has been conducted in an Indian gear manufacturing organization. The result shows that the MPR enhances tracking and product visibility and generates scheduling to meet the daily customer demand. The MRP effectively generates the planned orderPlanned orders release. The chapter also suggests to the organization how to implement MRP and use it to its advantage in its production planningProduction planning process.