Millets include small-seeded grains, rich in micronutrients, having a short growing season and good stress tolerances, but unfortunately lack the advanced plant breeding research. To improve crop yield and productivity to feed the rising population, genomics and genome modification technologies are crucial. To advance plant research in millets, population structure, heritability of agronomic characters, genome-wide analysis, sequencing, omics-based approaches, etc. have to be applied, supplementing each other. The ability of millets to grow under marginal regions with limited irrigation makes them a better crop choice for cultivating in arid and semi-arid tropics. In the above context, the following review discusses genetic and genomic resources for accelerated breeding of trait improvement in millets. The review in detail provides a roadmap for conventional approaches along with next-generation omics-based resources that can facilitate and accelerate the trait improvement in some major and minor millets. This will help in developing improved varieties of millets to address insecurities prevailing in the climate change scenario, along with the population rise we are witnessing. The information will prove to be a valuable treasure for the researchers, plant breeders, and farmers as well, who are focusing on millet improvement.