Nano fertilizers offer a new solution for making sustainable agriculture by enhancing the absorption of nutrients, reducing losses, and lessening the effect on the environment. In this chapter, the categorization, mechanism of action, and benefits of nano fertilizers with respect to conventional fertilizers are elaborated. The chapter also summarizes the application of some nanomaterials for the formulation of fertilizers, such as nanoparticles of macro- and microelements, nanoencapsulated fertilizers, and nanocarriers for the improvement of the efficiency of nutrients. The chapter also investigates the application of nanotechnology for the reduction of the leaching and run-off of nutrients, hence the improvement of precision agriculture and reduction of the effect on the ecosystem. Nano fertilizers offer immense potential, but their large-scale production, cost, and potential health and environmental effects remain active research fields. Future research emphasizes the establishment of the framework of regulations, further testing in the fields, and the combination of nanotechnology with intelligent farm practices for the optimization of the productivity of agriculture.