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An understanding of the fate of a drug throughout the body and how that drug is acted upon or processed by the body, termed pharmacokinetics, is essential in building and optimizing treatment plans involving that drug. Particularly for drugs with a narrow therapeutic window, such as traditional cytotoxic antineoplastic compounds, safe and effective use is ideally based on knowledge of key pharmacokinetic parameters such as the maximum systemic concentration, distribution within the body, systemic clearance, area under the drug concentration time curve (AUC) and half-life. Linking one or more of these parameters with measures of outcome, be it efficacy or toxicity, has the potential to provide a mechanism to “fine tune” or personalize the therapeutic regimen. To date, much of the knowledge of the processing of chemotherapy drugs has come from studies performed in human cancer patients, and in some cases, this information has been applied to veterinary cancer therapy, although a complete validation of equivalence between species may be lacking. Even within a species, a high degree of variability in pharmacokinetic parameters is often seen following standardized doses, making it difficult to predict how an individual patient might respond. Dosing many of cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs in humans and animals is generally based on body surface area (mg/m2) instead of patient weight (mg/kg). This was originally instituted as a means of normalizing the maximum tolerated dose of drug between species and was based on the idea that physiologic processes that influence drug movement and activity in the body, such as glomerular filtration rate and cardiac output, correlate better with body surface area than weight. The commonly used formula for converting weight to body surface area in veterinary patients is:where surface area is given in square meters, and K is a species constant with a value of 10.1 for dogs and 10.0 for cats. Numerous variations exist for calculating body surface area in humans, with the most common being the Du Bois and Du Bois formula [33] which incorporates height as well as body weight:

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Comparative Aspects of Chemotherapy and Targeted Therapy: How Different Species Process Drugs

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Luke A. Wittenburg,
  • Ai-Ming Yu

摘要

An understanding of the fate of a drug throughout the body and how that drug is acted upon or processed by the body, termed pharmacokinetics, is essential in building and optimizing treatment plans involving that drug. Particularly for drugs with a narrow therapeutic window, such as traditional cytotoxic antineoplastic compounds, safe and effective use is ideally based on knowledge of key pharmacokinetic parameters such as the maximum systemic concentration, distribution within the body, systemic clearance, area under the drug concentration time curve (AUC) and half-life. Linking one or more of these parameters with measures of outcome, be it efficacy or toxicity, has the potential to provide a mechanism to “fine tune” or personalize the therapeutic regimen. To date, much of the knowledge of the processing of chemotherapy drugs has come from studies performed in human cancer patients, and in some cases, this information has been applied to veterinary cancer therapy, although a complete validation of equivalence between species may be lacking. Even within a species, a high degree of variability in pharmacokinetic parameters is often seen following standardized doses, making it difficult to predict how an individual patient might respond. Dosing many of cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs in humans and animals is generally based on body surface area (mg/m2) instead of patient weight (mg/kg). This was originally instituted as a means of normalizing the maximum tolerated dose of drug between species and was based on the idea that physiologic processes that influence drug movement and activity in the body, such as glomerular filtration rate and cardiac output, correlate better with body surface area than weight. The commonly used formula for converting weight to body surface area in veterinary patients is:where surface area is given in square meters, and K is a species constant with a value of 10.1 for dogs and 10.0 for cats. Numerous variations exist for calculating body surface area in humans, with the most common being the Du Bois and Du Bois formula [33] which incorporates height as well as body weight: