Gliomas are common and devastating tumors in both humans and dogs, with most remaining incurable in both species. Murine models of glioma have been useful to study therapeutic interventions, but these artificial systems do not completely capture important biological features of these tumors, and many interventions are not possible due to size or other model limitations. Gliomas in dogs develop spontaneously, occur later in life, are of similar relative size to their human counterpart, develop in the setting of an intact immune system and in a similar environment, and share overlapping histopathologic and molecular features with human gliomas. In addition, conventional options for glioma therapy in both humans and dogs are similar. Thus, canine gliomas can serve as an important model for human disease, addressing many of the current limitations plaguing study of these neoplasms.