This chapter examines the attitude of government to regionalism in the Vichy period and then analyses the various regional reforms of the post 1945 period culminating in the institution of elected economic regions in 1982 by the Socialist government. It tries to show how far these reforms were building on the economic regionalism of the inter-war years. Decentralization and the creation of functioning regions has been a slowly evolving process. No doubt it has not finished yet. The Clémentel regions of 1918–1940 are very much part of that story. There was no clean break in 1940. This brief sketch has shown the continuity of thinking on regional development and regional representative institutions between 1918 and 1982. The regional assemblies adopted by the Socialists in 1982 were nothing new even if the rationale and environment were. They were first proposed before 1914.