This chapter examines the success factors which explain the performance of the Lorraine economic region. First it focuses on the sense of regional identity. It analyses the ideas of the institutional elite in Lorraine through a number of discourses which reveal what the region meant to them, what was distinctive about it. There was a discourse concerned with the definition of the region of Lorraine, its boundaries, its history and culture, the character of its people and the position of the regional capital Nancy. There was also a discourse about the economy of Lorraine, pride in rapid industrialization and also in the close cooperation of its industrialists, bankers and academics to achieve economic growth. Encompassing these discourses was a regionalism which included discussion about how much power should be devolved to Lorraine. Lastly there was a discourse which might be described as “regional nationalist”, a particular variation of French nationalism brought about by the special circumstances of Lorraine near Germany. The chapter then shows how this regional sense of identity developed during the war and the sense of solidarity which this created. It then analyses the functioning of the region and the Nancy chamber of commerce and discusses the effectiveness of the regional leadership and its influence.