Adapting to the New Normal: Hybrid Threats and Critical Infrastructure Resilience
摘要
This paper explores the evolving landscape of hybrid threatsHybrid threats, emphasizing their impact on democratic resilienceDemocratic resilience and critical infrastructure, with a specific focus on Georgia. Hybrid threatsHybrid threats, characterized by a blend of military and non-military tools such as disinformation, cyberattacks, economic coercion, and covert operations, exploit systemic vulnerabilities to undermine democratic systems without triggering conventional warfare. Drawing on the CORE model developed by the EU’s Joint Research Centre and the Hybrid CoE, the study highlights how these threats target the fundamental pillars of trust in democratic governance. Through analysis of two strategic cases, the Anaklia Deep Sea Port and the Namakhvani Hydropower Plant, the paper demonstrates how hostile actors, particularly Russia, have used hybrid tools to derail Georgia’s strategic infrastructure projects and compromise its Euro-Atlantic aspirations. These cases reveal how legal ambiguities, weak institutional capacity, and strategic communication failures can be leveraged to erode public trust, polarize society, and exert geopolitical pressure. The concept of “Weapons of Mass Disturbance” (WMDi) is revisited to underscore the vulnerability of infrastructure to hybrid interference. Ultimately, the paper argues that hybrid threatsHybrid threats pose the gravest danger to democratizing states, where incomplete institutional development makes them acutely susceptible to strategic disruption and external manipulation.