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The global energy transitionEnergy transition is no longer solely a matter of technological advancement or market reorientation—it is a structural transformation shaped by climate imperatives, geopolitical volatility and institutional asymmetries. This paper examines the drivers, mechanisms and barriers to decarbonizationDecarbonization in the Western BalkansWestern Balkans, situating regional dynamics within broader global and European frameworks. It draws on the evolving role of the European Union’sEuropean Union climate governance instruments, including the European Green Deal, Fit for 55, REPowerEU and the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism. At the same time, it explores the implications of the mentioned documents to the fossil-dependent economies. Special attention is given to the political economy of transition finance, the institutional preconditions for regulatory convergence and the asymmetric exposure of the Western BalkansWestern Balkans to external decarbonizationDecarbonization pressures. The analysis underscores how energy transformation in the region depends not only on access to capital and technology, but on sustained investment in governance, credibility, and social legitimacy. The paper concludes with policy recommendations that emphasize the need for differentiated integration pathways, regional coordination and institutional development as foundational elements of a just and resilient transition.

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Facilitating the Shift to Sustainable, Secure, Clean and Affordable Energy Solutions: Regional Challenges and Geopolitical Drivers of Decarbonization in the Western Balkans

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Ivana Vojinović,
  • Andrija Leovac

摘要

The global energy transitionEnergy transition is no longer solely a matter of technological advancement or market reorientation—it is a structural transformation shaped by climate imperatives, geopolitical volatility and institutional asymmetries. This paper examines the drivers, mechanisms and barriers to decarbonizationDecarbonization in the Western BalkansWestern Balkans, situating regional dynamics within broader global and European frameworks. It draws on the evolving role of the European Union’sEuropean Union climate governance instruments, including the European Green Deal, Fit for 55, REPowerEU and the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism. At the same time, it explores the implications of the mentioned documents to the fossil-dependent economies. Special attention is given to the political economy of transition finance, the institutional preconditions for regulatory convergence and the asymmetric exposure of the Western BalkansWestern Balkans to external decarbonizationDecarbonization pressures. The analysis underscores how energy transformation in the region depends not only on access to capital and technology, but on sustained investment in governance, credibility, and social legitimacy. The paper concludes with policy recommendations that emphasize the need for differentiated integration pathways, regional coordination and institutional development as foundational elements of a just and resilient transition.