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The employment landscape in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) has been transformed with the advent of AI technologies, e-commerce and fintech, creating new opportunities for women. This paper utilizes four theoretical frameworks: inclusive innovation, digital capabilities, gendered institutionalism, and intersectional feminist political economy to analyze women’s engagement with digital education and entrepreneurship alongside GenAI policy across Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE. Case studies such as Riyadat incubator in Bahrain and Princess Nourah University’s AI program demonstrate that even with national strategies in place, cultural and institutional barriers continue to stifle women’s entrepreneurship. The research offers suggestions for policies that fortify the region’s gender-sensitive digital transformation initiatives.

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Women’s Leadership in AI, E-Commerce, and the Digital Economy: Inclusive Innovation in the GCC

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Fajer Danish,
  • Siddig Balal Ibrahim,
  • Maryam Hashem

摘要

The employment landscape in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) has been transformed with the advent of AI technologies, e-commerce and fintech, creating new opportunities for women. This paper utilizes four theoretical frameworks: inclusive innovation, digital capabilities, gendered institutionalism, and intersectional feminist political economy to analyze women’s engagement with digital education and entrepreneurship alongside GenAI policy across Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE. Case studies such as Riyadat incubator in Bahrain and Princess Nourah University’s AI program demonstrate that even with national strategies in place, cultural and institutional barriers continue to stifle women’s entrepreneurship. The research offers suggestions for policies that fortify the region’s gender-sensitive digital transformation initiatives.