The article is devoted to the study of the possibilities of using virtual museums in school teaching of literature as an innovative tool capable of enriching traditional approaches to the study of literary texts. The article considers methodological aspects of integrating digital museum resources into the educational process, including various forms of work: virtual excursions, thematic quests, project assignments and comparative analysis of museum exhibits. Particular attention is paid to the didactic potential of virtual museums in forming students’ holistic understanding of the cultural and historical context of literary works. Both the advantages of this approach and the existing limitations are analyzed. The article presents a classification of methods for working with virtual museums in chronological perspective, reflecting the evolution from simple excursion forms to complex interactive models. A conclusion is made about the need for a balanced combination of the technological capabilities of virtual museums with the depth of literary analysis. The material of the article is of practical interest to literature teachers, methodologists and developers of educational digital resources, offering specific recommendations for the effective use of virtual museums in school practice of teaching literature.