The article presents the decomposition method and examines its application in higher education institutions to develop students’ professional competencies. The foundation for implementing this method is the project-based learning approach, widely recognized within engineering and technological education in the field of mathematics teaching methodology. The theoretical and methodological aspects of applying the decomposition method in interactive learning environments for university students are explored. Examples illustrating the decomposition method’s application in studying contemporary educational platforms and various didactic tools for mathematics instruction within methodological coursework are provided. Research studies employing the decomposition method in constructing educational projects used across diverse educational systems and frameworks are analyzed. The article also highlights prospective directions for utilizing the decomposition method in developing professional competencies among university students.